What is a financial statement that summarizes cash receipts and payments resulting from business activities during a specific period called?

The statement that summarizes cash receipts and payments resulting from business activities during a specific period is the Statement of Cash Flows. This financial statement provides insight into the liquidity of a business, showing how cash moves in and out over the reporting period. It categorizes cash flows into three main activities: operating, investing, and financing, which helps users understand how well a company generates cash to fund its operating expenses and obligations.

The Statement of Cash Flows is essential for assessing the company's cash management and its ability to generate future cash flows. It's particularly useful for investors and creditors, as it offers a clear picture of cash generation compared to net income, which can be influenced by non-cash transactions.

In contrast, an Income Statement outlines revenues and expenses to show profitability over a specific period but does not focus specifically on cash movements. The Balance Sheet presents a snapshot of the company’s assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time. A Trial Balance is mainly an internal accounting report that lists all accounts and their balances at a specific moment, used to verify that total debits equal total credits but does not provide a summary of cash flows.