What is the term for the difference between an asset's account balance and its related contra account balance?

The term that describes the difference between an asset's account balance and its related contra account balance is known as book value. The book value of an asset represents its net value on the balance sheet after accounting for depreciation or amortization expressed in the contra account. For example, if a company has a piece of equipment valued at $100,000, and the accumulated depreciation for that equipment is $30,000, the book value would be $70,000. This figure is essential for accounting purposes as it reflects the current value of the asset to the company, providing a more accurate representation of the company's net worth than the asset’s historical cost alone. Understanding book value is crucial for analyzing financial statements, investments, and determining the financial health of a business.