What is the term for net income after federal income tax divided by the number of outstanding shares of stock?

The term for net income after federal income tax divided by the number of outstanding shares of stock is known as earnings per share. This financial metric provides insight into a company's profitability on a per-share basis, making it easier for investors to assess the relative value of a company's stock. It is calculated by taking the net income, subtracting any preferred dividends, and dividing that amount by the weighted average shares outstanding.

This measure is important for investors because it indicates how much profit is allocated to each share of common stock, which can influence investment decisions and stock valuation. High earnings per share may suggest greater profitability, which can lead to increased investor confidence and possibly higher stock prices.

Other terms provided in the choices relate to different aspects of finance. The market value of a share refers to the current trading price of a single share in the stock market. The price earnings ratio is a valuation ratio calculated by dividing the market price per share by the earnings per share, indicating how much investors are willing to pay for each dollar of earnings. Dividend yield represents the annual dividends paid per share divided by the market price per share, reflecting the income an investor can expect from dividend payments relative to the stock price.