What maintains a record that links debits and credits across multiple transactions?

The correct choice reflects the core principle of double-entry accounting, which states that every financial transaction has equal and opposite effects in at least two accounts. This system ensures that all debits must equal all credits, maintaining a balanced equation.

In double-entry accounting, each transaction is recorded in at least two different accounts: one account is debited and another is credited. This dual recording creates a comprehensive record that links all transactions, enabling accountants to trace the flow of financial data throughout their records. The inherent balance of debits and credits helps prevent errors and provides a detailed account of each transaction's impact on the overall financial position.

In contrast, single-entry accounting does not provide this linkage, as it typically records only one side of the transaction, which can lead to incomplete financial information. A trial balance is a tool used to confirm that total debits equal total credits at a specific point in time, but it does not maintain records of individual transactions. Financial statements summarize the results of all transactions over a period but do not track the details linking the debits and credits in each entry.

Overall, double-entry accounting is essential for maintaining detailed and accurate financial records, ensuring that all aspects of a transaction are captured and reflected in the financial statements.