Which of the following is true about the market value of a share of stock?

The market value of a share of stock represents the price at which a share can be purchased or sold on the open market. This value is determined by various factors, including investor perceptions, supply and demand dynamics, and overall market conditions, rather than any single company's internal accounting measures.

Market value is quantified through stock exchanges where the stocks are traded, making it a practical reflection of what buyers are willing to pay and what sellers are willing to accept at any given time. It encapsulates a multitude of information about investor confidence and market sentiment regarding the company's future performance. Therefore, this definition clarifies why the correct answer emphasizes the transaction aspect of market value rather than any internal or isolated financial factors.

Other options do not align with the fundamental understanding of market value. For instance, total revenue pertains to a company’s operational performance and not its market value. Internal accounting primarily influences book value, not market valuation. Finally, while dividends can affect stock prices, they do not solely determine market value, as stock prices also reflect expectations of future growth and overall market conditions.